Gastric Ulcer
What is a Gastric Ulcer?
A gastric ulcer, also known as a stomach ulcer, is an open sore or erosion that develops in the lining of the stomach. It occurs when the protective mucous layer of the stomach is compromised, allowing the harsh gastric acids to damage the underlying tissue. Gastric ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer, which can also develop in the duodenum (duodenal ulcers).
Causes of Gastric Ulcers
Gastric Ulcer Causes
• Helicobacter pylori infection: Wreaks stomach's protective lining and increases acid production.
• Prolonged use of NSAIDs: Irritates stomach lining and increases ulcer risk.
• Excess acid production: Erosion of stomach lining due to stomach's excessive acid production.
• Smoking and alcohol: Irritation of stomach lining impairs healing ability.
• Stress and spicy foods: Exacerbates ulcers or increases risk of developing them.
Symptoms of Gastric Ulcers
-Abdominal Pain and Food Intake
• Burning or gnawing pain in upper abdomen.
• Bloating and fullness after small food intake.
• Frequent nausea or vomiting, sometimes with blood or coffee-ground-like material.
• Loss of appetite and weight loss due to persistent ulcers.
• Frequent heartburn or indigestion, especially after certain foods or drinks.
Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcers
Medical Examination Procedures
• Review of symptoms and medical history.
• Physical examination to assess condition
.
• Upper endoscopy: Visual examination of stomach lining for ulcers or abnormalities.
• Biopsy: Analysis of small tissue sample for H. pylori or underlying conditions.
• Breath or stool tests: Detection of H. pylori infection, common cause of gastric ulcers.
Types of Gastric Ulcers
H. Pylori-Associated and NSAID-Induced Ulcers • H. pylori-associated ulcers: Commonly caused by bacterial infection.
• NSAID-induced ulcers: Prolonged use can lead to gastric ulcers.
• Stress-related ulcers: Symptoms of severe physiological stress, like after surgery or trauma.
Adverse Effects of Gastric Ulcers
Ulcers and Health Risks
• Bleeding: Severe ulcers can cause anemia or life-threatening hemorrhages. • Perforation: Ulcers can erode through stomach wall, allowing gastric contents to leak into the abdominal cavity.
• Obstruction: If located near stomach outlet, it can block food passage into the small intestine.
• Increased Risk of Stomach Cancer: Chronic H. pylori infection and long-standing ulcers can increase cancer risk.
Diet in Gastric Ulcers
-Dietary Changes for Stomach Healing
• Avoid irritating foods: Avoid spicy, fried, acidic foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals: Reduce acid production and alleviate discomfort.
• Increase fruits and vegetables: Promote healing and provide essential nutrients.
• Consume probiotic-rich foods: Restore gut bacteria balance and promote healing.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to neutralize stomach acid.
• Combination with medical treatment: Consider antibiotics or acid-reducing medications as recommended by a healthcare professional.