Usually, your kidneys remove waste from your blood to make urine (pee). When there is too much waste in your blood and your body is not producing enough urine, crystals begin to form in your kidneys.These crystals attract other wastes and chemicals to form a solid object (a kidney stone) that will get larger unless it is passed out of your body in your urine.
Kidney stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
Symptoms & Causes of Kidney Stones:
sharp pains in your back, side, lower abdomen,or groin.
pink, red, or brown blood in your urine, also called hematuria.
a constant need to urinate.
pain while urinating.
inability to urinate or can only urinate a small amount.
bad-smelling urine.
Blockage of your urinary tract.
Chronic inflammation of your bowel.
Cystic kidney disease – Disorder that causes fluid-filled sacs to form on your kidneys.
Cystinuria – Condition in which your urine contains high levels of the amino acid cystine.
Family history of kidney stones.
History of gastrointestinal tract surgery.
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Diagnosis of Kidney Stones:
Urinalysis
Blood tests
Abdominal x-ray
USG whole abdomen
Computed tomography (CT) scans
Types of Kindey stones:
Calcium Oxalate Stones:The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. These result when the urine contains low levels of citrate and high levels of calcium and either oxalate or uric acid.
Calcium Phosphate Stones:Calcium phosphate kidney stones are caused by abnormalities in the way the urinary system functions.
Struvite Stones:More common in women, struvite stones form as a result of certain types of urinary tract infections. These stones tend to grow quickly and become large, sometimes occupying the entire kidney.
Uric Acid Stones:More common in men, uric acid stones tend to occur in people who don’t drink enough water or have a diet high in animal protein.
Cystine Stones:Cystine stones are caused by a hereditary genetic disorder called cystinuria that can lead to excessive amounts of the amino acid cystine collecting in the urine.
There are different treatments to choose from. It is important to talk to your health care provider about what is best for you.Kidney stone treatment is possible without surgery also. Infact as many as 72% of the kidney stones that report to us can be managed with medications or without surgery.
Kidney stone treatment includes medications and diet modifications. Stones that are small are managed with a combination of stone inhibitors and other modalities of treatment as outline below: